Archaeologists working in Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye, have stumbled upon exciting finds in Tunceli province. Their project, the “Iron Age and Hellenistic Age Tunceli Survey,” which began in 2016, has yielded significant results with the discovery of two previously unknown fortress settlements and two unique open-air temples.
The details of this discovery were published in the 61st issue of the Pamukkale University Social Sciences Institute Journal.
According to Associate Professor Serkan Erdoğan, one of the leading researchers, these fortress settlements occupy opposing ends of the province. One, named Masumu-Pak, lies in the Hozat-Çemişgezek-Ovacık triangle, while the other, Aşağı Harik (Doluca), is situated east of Nazımiye, near the Peri Stream. Interestingly, both settlements hold a special surprise within their walls – a new type of open-air temple unseen before by archaeologists.
While the settlements themselves hint at different eras, Aşağı Harik displays prominent Iron Age characteristics, Masumu-Pak reveals a blend of Iron Age and Medieval influences. However, the open-air temples within each settlement share a remarkable similarity in form and construction.
The most striking feature of these temples is the presence of an outdoor prayer space, accompanied by a distinctive architectural element – an altar carved directly into the rock, positioned in front of a raised platform.
Radiocarbon dating suggests these temples were built sometime during the 7th century BC (between the 9th and 8th centuries BC), coinciding with the period of Urartian dominance in the region. However, a question remains: were these temples dedicated to local deities or established cults, or were they built to honor the prominent gods of that era?
Adding another layer of intrigue, Associate Professor Erdoğan highlights the enduring local traditions associated with the Lower Harik Castle and Temple. This location, known as “Moro Sur” (Red Snake) in the local tongue, is still revered as a sacred site. Even today, some inhabitants visit this place seeking healing, calling out to “Ya Moro Sur, Tu Esta” (You exist, Moro Sur).
Professor Erdoğan further emphasizes the presence of snake motifs in the surrounding geography, suggesting a potentially ancient origin for the “Moresur” myth. This unique blend of archaeological discovery and living local tradition underscores the rich history and enduring cultural significance of this region in Tunceli.