Construction of the Maya Train in Mexico has yielded another significant archaeological discovery – a funerary urn depicting the Maya corn god. This exciting find, made by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) along section 7 of the railway route, sheds light on ancient Maya beliefs and burial practices.
The urn, identified as a Paaktzatz-style vessel based on its typology, is a unique piece of Mayan pottery. According to INAH’s director, Diego Prieto Hernández, the urn showcases “a very interesting image of the corn god emerging from the leaves of a cob.” This imagery holds deep symbolism, as corn was a central figure in the Maya belief system, representing sustenance and life itself.
The discovery gains further significance because it was found alongside a similar vessel. This suggests that the urns may have been part of an offering, a common practice in Maya culture where precious objects were placed with the deceased to accompany them in the afterlife.
The urn itself is adorned with various symbols and figures. A key feature is the anthropomorphic pastillage figure – a decorative technique using clay pieces – depicting the corn god. This reinforces the focus on this vital deity. Additionally, the presence of the “ik” symbol, representing wind and divine breath, adds another layer of meaning, possibly signifying the life force associated with the corn god.
The second vessel is adorned with ornamentation resembling the thorns of the ceiba tree, a sacred tree revered by the Maya. This symbolic representation further strengthens the connection to the natural world and the Maya worldview.
The discovery adds to existing knowledge about Maya iconography. Archaeologists point to similar depictions of the corn god found in figurines from Jaina Island, Campeche. Interestingly, the owl depicted on the lid of the urn, also present on the second vessel, aligns with the symbolism of the Classic period (roughly 680-770 AD). During this era, owls were associated with omens and war, as evidenced by Paaktzatz vessels from the Río Bec region.
The Maya Train project, while creating vital infrastructure, has become a catalyst for significant archaeological discoveries. As of January 8th, archaeologists working on sections 5, 6, and 7 have documented over 40,000 archaeological sites. Additionally, their efforts have safeguarded over 1,000 artifacts, more than 200,000 ceramic fragments, and unearthed 148 human burials. These finds provide invaluable insights into the rich tapestry of Maya civilization and culture.
The discovery of the corn god urn is a testament to the deep connection the Maya had with their deities and the natural world. It serves as a reminder of the importance of cultural preservation and the ongoing efforts to safeguard and understand the legacy of this remarkable civilization.