Archaeologists from the University of Warsaw’s Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology have made a remarkable discovery near the ancient port of Berenice Troglodytica in Egypt—a tomb complex that offers intriguing insights into ancient funerary customs and the elite class of the time.
The tomb complex, containing seven remains buried in distinct layers, dates back approximately 1500 years. What sets these graves apart is the unique positioning of the bodies, with the lower limbs resting on the chest—a posture achieved through binding with ropes or cloth, as explained by Dr. Mariusz Gwiazda, the research leader.
Dr. Gwiazda drew parallels to the funerary customs described by Agatarchides of Cnidus in the 2nd century, where tribes in the Eastern Desert tied strings around the neck and legs of the deceased to assume a crouching position. This discovery suggests a similar practice in this ancient tomb complex.
The artifacts found within the tombs point to the elite status of the individuals buried there. Imported beads made of onyx and carnelian from regions like Pakistan, India, and possibly Indonesia, along with ivory rings, earrings, and silver bracelets, reflect the wealth and sophistication of this ancient community. The rings, in particular, exhibit a style known from the Egypt-Sudan border, indicating cultural exchanges and influences.
Berenice Troglodytica, inhabited by the Blemians from the 4th to 6th centuries AD, was a thriving hub for trade between the Byzantine Empire and the Indian Ocean region. The discovery of the tomb complex sheds light on the social hierarchy and prosperity of this little-known Nubian tribe, whose control extended from present-day Ethiopia to Berenice during that era.
Excavations also unveiled evidence of ancient funeral rituals, including a platform and animal remains likely used for sacrifices. Bowls for offerings and amphorae placed upside down, emptied during ritual practices, further highlight the ceremonial significance of these burials.
The significance of this discovery extends beyond the tomb complex itself. Berenice has been a focal point for archaeologists studying the Hellenistic, Roman, and later periods, yet comprehensive research on human cemeteries from these eras has been lacking until now.
Interestingly, a separate discovery in Berenice harbor in 2011 hinted at a possible pet cemetery. A detailed excavation in 2021 confirmed this hypothesis, revealing the burials of nearly 600 cats and dogs, providing strong evidence of these animals’ status as cherished pets—a fascinating addition to the archaeological tapestry of Berenice.
As archaeologists continue to unravel the mysteries of Berenice Troglodytica and its ancient inhabitants, each discovery offers a glimpse into a vibrant past characterized by trade, culture, and the rituals surrounding life and death. These findings not only enrich our understanding of history but also highlight the enduring fascination with unraveling the secrets of civilizations long gone.