Excavation near Beersheba in southern Israel, archaeologists have uncovered a rare artifact dating back to the Chalcolithic period, around 4,000 BC—a jar made of ivory tusks. This remarkable find marks the first discovery of its kind in Israel and offers valuable insights into ancient trade networks and craftsmanship from over six millennia ago.
Initially found disassembled, the ivory jar underwent meticulous restoration work by experts at the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) laboratories, revealing its exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance. Belonging to a type of small pottery known as amphoriskos, the ivory vessel measures approximately 8 inches in diameter and features intricately designed small matching handles symmetrically arranged around its lower body and neck.
The discovery of this rare artifact sheds light on the ancient trade links between the Holy Land and Egypt during the Chalcolithic period. It is believed that the ivory vessel was either imported from Egypt or crafted locally using ivory imported from the neighboring region. This underscores the rich cultural exchanges and economic interactions that characterized the ancient Near East during this era.
The ivory jar was unearthed in 2020 during infrastructure work to lay a water pipe at Horvat Raqiq, an archaeological site near Beersheba. The excavation not only yielded a wealth of artifacts but also revealed an ancient settlement with underground buildings etched into the Loess ground. Among the discoveries was the shattered remains of the ivory vessel carefully buried in antiquity—a testament to its importance in ancient society.
Collaborative efforts between IAA researchers, experts from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and ivory conservationist Olga Negnevitsky were instrumental in the analysis and restoration of the ivory pot. This painstaking process involved delicate craftsmanship and meticulous attention to detail, culminating in the preservation of this rare archaeological find for future generations to appreciate and study.
The significance of the ivory jar extends beyond its material and craftsmanship. It serves as a tangible link to the past, offering a glimpse into the lives, beliefs, and trading practices of ancient peoples in the region. The unveiling of this remarkable artifact at the annual Israel Prehistoric Society conference in Jerusalem showcases the ongoing efforts to uncover and preserve Israel’s rich archaeological heritage.