Researchers, led by Dr. Annemieke Milks of the University of Reading’s Department of Archaeology, meticulously analyzed a 300,000-year-old wooden throwing stick unearthed in Schöningen, Germany. This analysis reveals a level of woodworking sophistication previously unseen in artifacts from this period.
The Schöningen throwing stick, a double-pointed implement measuring 77 centimeters long, offers a compelling glimpse into the advanced tool-making capabilities of our distant ancestors. State-of-the-art analysis techniques employed in the study unveiled a meticulous crafting process. The research team discovered evidence that the early humans who created this weapon engaged in several crucial steps:
- Selection and Preparation: They meticulously selected a spruce branch, a material well-suited for its aerodynamic and ergonomic properties.
- Bark Removal and Shaping: The branch underwent a process of bark removal and shaping to achieve a desired aerodynamic form.
- Surface Treatment: Further refinement involved scraping away excess material to optimize the throwing stick’s surface.
- Seasoning: A crucial step involved seasoning the wood to prevent cracking and warping, ensuring the weapon’s durability.
- Finishing Touches: The final stage involved sanding the throwing stick to create a smooth surface for better handling.
These findings, according to Dr. Milks, “revolutionize our understanding of early human behaviors.” They demonstrate a remarkable ability to plan ahead, coupled with a deep understanding of wood properties and the application of sophisticated woodworking techniques that continue to be relevant today.
The research extends beyond the mere appreciation of the crafting process. The lightweight nature of the throwing stick suggests a potential shift in hunting practices. Dr. Milks proposes that these implements, easier to throw compared to heavier spears, may have facilitated group hunts targeting medium and small animals. Their use could have even extended to include children, allowing them to participate in hunting activities while honing their throwing skills.
Co-author Dirk Leder elaborates on the specific techniques employed: “The Schöningen humans used a spruce branch to make this aerodynamic and ergonomic tool… The woodworking involved multiple steps….” This detailed breakdown underscores the deliberate and well-planned approach taken by early humans in creating this effective hunting weapon.
The throwing stick itself wasn’t merely a tool; it was likely a cherished possession. Analysis revealed a fine surface, meticulously shaped points, and signs of wear from repeated handling. This suggests it was a personal item used on multiple occasions, not a disposable tool discarded after a single use.
The Schöningen site has yielded a treasure trove of artifacts, including other throwing spears, thrusting spears, and a second throwing stick. This new research, focusing on the double-pointed throwing stick, offers a fascinating window into the lives of early humans 300,000 years ago. It highlights their remarkable ingenuity, resourcefulness, and the development of sophisticated tool-making skills that played a crucial role in their survival and adaptation.
The well-preserved throwing stick serves as a powerful testament to the cognitive abilities and planning foresight of our distant ancestors. As principal investigator Dr. Thomas Terberger concludes, “The systematic analysis…provides valuable new insights and further exciting information on these early wooden weapons can be expected soon.” The ongoing exploration of the Schöningen artifacts promises to unveil even more secrets about the lives and ingenuity of early humans.
The study was published in PLOS ONE
Source: University of Reading