Southern India’s Adichanallur archaeological site has yielded another spectacular discovery, reigniting interest in the region’s rich history. Led by archaeologist VP Yathees Kumar of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), a team unearthed a gold diadem, bronze objects, iron implements, and pottery from a massive burial urn.
This discovery holds immense significance, coming 120 years after British archaeologist Alexander Rea unearthed a trove of 20 gold diadems in the same area. The latest find, made after meticulous satellite mapping and 27 days of excavation, adds another chapter to the story of Adichanallur, located in Srivaikuntam taluk of Thoothukudi district.
The burial urn, measuring an impressive 2.4 meters in diameter, held a captivating collection of artifacts. The gold diadem, known as Nettri Pattayam, rested at the bottom alongside a bronze sieve and other objects. Notably, 20 iron items were found – two within the urn and a remarkable 18 surrounding it. These iron implements included arrowheads, spearheads, a hanger, a plate, a chisel, and a long, decorated spear measuring 1.75 meters.
Bronze objects unearthed from the urn included a circular sieve, a decorative cup with a stand, and two bowls. The presence of pottery, including red and black earthenware of various sizes, further enriches the understanding of this ancient culture. Interestingly, paddy husks were also found within the urn, offering a glimpse into the agricultural practices of these people.
ASI Director T Arun Raj hailed the gold diadem as a discovery of global significance. Measuring approximately 3.5 centimeters long, the diadem appears to have been deliberately folded, a practice believed to be a form of ceremonial destruction after the wearer’s death. This custom ensured the diadem remained unique to its owner in the afterlife.
Experts suggest the diadem, likely worn by a member of a royal clan over 3,000 years ago, served as a significant bridal ornament and a symbol of royalty during auspicious occasions.
The Adichanallur site has been a treasure trove for archaeologists. Since the discovery of the first clay jar burials in 2004, a total of 169 urns containing human skeletal remains and rich grave goods have been unearthed. Radiocarbon dating places these burials between 1000 and 600 BC.
Building upon the work of Alexander Rea, the ASI team used his documented geographical features to create a GIS map and site plan, guiding their excavation efforts. The success of the first phase, uncovering around 90 urns of varying sizes, fuels hope for even more discoveries in adjacent areas.
The Adichanallur excavation not only sheds light on burial practices and social hierarchy but also offers tantalizing glimpses into the lives, materials, and artistic expressions of an ancient Indian civilization. As the excavation continues, we can expect further revelations about this fascinating chapter in human history.